FOOTNOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. Albert Brownstein,
"A Letter to My Grandchildren," undated, p. 5. Copies in the
possession of members of the Brownstein family, including
Jerald J. Brownstein, Fort Washington,
Pennsylvania.
2.
Ibid.
CHAPTER
I
1. Mary Antim, From
Plotzk to Boston (Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press,
1899), p. 12.
2. George M. Price,
"The Russian Jews in America," trans. Leo Shpall, The
Jewish Experience in America, ed. Abraham Karp, vol. 4:
The Era of Immigration (Waltham, Mass.: American Jewish
Historical Society, 1969), pp. 269-70; Ande Manners, Poor
Cousins (New York: Coward, McCann & Geohagen, Inc.,
1972), p. 57.
3. Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 57.
4. American
Israelite, 28 July 1882.
5. Brownstein, "A
Letter to My Grandchildren," pp. 3-5.
6. The Pale of
Settlement comprised that area of czarist Russia in which
the Jews were legally authorized to settle. The Pale covered
an area of about 386,000 square miles, from the Baltic Sea
to the Black Sea. By 1897, slightly less than 4,900,000 Jews
lived there, forming 94 percent of the total Jewish
population of Russia and about 12 percent of the population
of the area.
7. Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 24.
8. Leo Shpall, "Jewish
Agricultural Colonies in the United States," Agricultural
History 24 (1950):125-26.
9. Stanley Feldstein,
The Land That I Show You (Garden City, N. Y.: Anchor
Books, Doubleday, 1979), p. 101; Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 27; Darwin S. Levine, "A Brief Survey of the
Activities of Jews in American Agriculture" (M.A. thesis,
Columbia University, 1939), p. 37.
10. Shpall, "Jewish
Agricultural Colonies in the United States," p.
126.
11. Feldstein, The
Land That I Show You, p. 103; Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 50; Antim,From Plotzk to Boston, p.
12.
12. Manners, p.
51.
13. Ibid., pp.
51-53.
14. Shpall, "Jewish
Agricultural Colonies in the United States," p.
126.
15. Feldstein, The
Land That I Show You, p. 102; Shpall, p. 127; Uri D.
Herscher, Jewish Agricultural Utopias in America,
1880-1910 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981), p.
21.
16. Manners, Poor
Cousins, pp. 54-56.
17. Philip Cowen,
Memories of an American Jew (New York: International
Press, 1932), pp. 94-95.
CHAPTER
II
1. American
Israelite, 10 February 1887.
2. "A Colony in
Kansas--1882," American Jewish Archives 17 (November
1965):114.
3. American
Hebrew, 2 December 1881.
4. Herscher, Jewish
Agricultural Utopias in America, 1880-1910, pp. 22-26;
Shpall, "Jewish Agricultural Colonies in the United States,"
pp. 126-28.
5. Elbert L. Sapinsley,
"Jewish Agricultural Colonies in the West: The Kansas
Example," Western States Jewish Historical Quarterly
3 (April 1971):157-69.
6. Ibid., p.
159; Shpall, "Jewish Agricultural Colonies in the United
States," pp. 126-28.
7. American
Israelite, 17 November 1882.
8. Sapinsley, "Jewish
Agricultural Colonies in the West: The Kansas Example," p.
160.
9. James A. Rudin,
"Beersheba, Kan.: 'God's Pure Air on Government Land,'"
Kansas Historical Quarterly 34 (Autumn 1968): 282-98;
American Hebrew, 13 January 1882; Levine, "A Brief
Survey of the Activities of Jews in American Agriculture,"
p. 39.
10. Rudin, "Beersheba,
Kan.: 'God's Pure Air on Government Land,'" p.
283.
11. Feldstein, The
Land That I Show You, p. 104.
12. American
Hebrew, 2 December 1881.
13 Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 57.
14 Lipman Goldman Feld,
"New Light on the Lost Jewish Colony of Beersheba, Kansas,
1882-1886," American Jewish Historical Quarterly 60
(December 1970):159; Rudin, "Beersheba, Kan.: 'God's Pure
Air on Government Land,'" pp. 283-86; Manners, Poor
Cousins, pp. 171-78; Feldstein, The Land That I Show
You, p. 106.
15 Manners, Poor
Cousins, pp. 74-76.
16 American
Hebrew, 31 March 1882.
17. Feldstein, The
Land That I Show You, p. 105.
18 American
Hebrew 23 May 1882.
19 Feldstein, The
Land That I Show You, p. 105.
20., A Colony in
Kansas--1882," p. 114.
21 American
Hebrew, 20 April 1883.
22. American
Israelite, 7 July 1881.
23 Ibid., 8
August 1881.
CHAPTER
III
1. American
Israelite, 4 August 1882.
2. Manners, Poor
Cousins, pp. 70-76.
3. Carol Gendler, "The
First Synagogue in Nebraska: The Early History of the
Congregation of Israel of Omaha," Nebraska History 58
(Fall 1977): 329.
4. William M. Kramer,
"The Western Journal of Isaac Meyer Wise, Western States
Jewish Historical Quarterly 4 (April 1972):
163.
5. American
Israelite, 26 August 1881.
6. Ibid., 18
November 1881.
7
Ibid.
8. Ibid., 2
December 1881.
9. Ibid., 26 May
1882.
10.
Ibid.
11.
Ibid.
12. Robert E. Riegel
and Robert G. Athearn, America Moves West (Hinsdale,
Ill.: The Dryden Press, Inc., 1971), pp. 382-83.
13. American
Israelite, 30 June 1882.
14.
Ibid.
15.
Ibid.
CHAPTER
IV
1. A Colony in
Kansas--1882," pp. 130-31.
2. Ray Allen Billington
and Martin Ridge, Westward Expansion: A History of the
American Frontier (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc., 1982), pp. 629-43.
3. Ibid., pp.
646-47; Charles C. Howes, This Place Called Kansas
(Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984), pp.
45-49.
4. Barbara Oringderff,
True Sod (North Newton, Ks.: Mennonite Press, Inc.,
1976), pp. 21-104.
5. David F. Costello,
The Prairie World (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.,
Inc., 1969), p. 48.
6. A. T. Andreas,
History of the State of Kansas, vol. 1 (Chicago,
Ill.: A. T. 1883), p. 668.
7. Charles Nordhoff,
The Communistic Societies of the United States (New
York: Schocken Books, Inc., 1965), pp. 375-382.
8. Katrina S. Douthit,
"Shortlived Experiment: Esperanza Colony at Urbana,"
Kanhistique 6 (August 1980): 5.
9. Avrahm Yarmolinsky,
A Russian American's Dream (Lawrence, Ks.: University
of Kansas Press, 1965), pp. 45-81.
10. Thomas Peter
Christensen, "The Danish Settlements in Kansas,"
Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society 17
(1926-1928): 300-05.
11. A Socialist
Colony," Fort Scott Weekly Tribune, 17 August
1899.
12. Frank J. Adler,
Roots in a Moving Stream: The Centennial History of the
Congregation B'nai Jehudah of Kansas City, 1870-1970
(Kansas City, Mo.: Congregation of B'nai Jehudah, 1972), p.
49.
13. Yarmolinsky, A
Russian American's Dream, p. 54.
14. Herscher, Jewish
Agricultural Utopias in America, 1880-1910, pp. 45-z-47;
Manners, Poor Cousins, p. 167.
15. American
Hebrew, 10 October 1884.
16. Yarmolinsky, A
Russian American's Dream, p. 105.
17. Emory Lindquist,
"Some Aspects of the History of Jews in Kansas," paper
presented at the Wichita Hebrew Synagogue, Wichita, Ks.,
unpublished, 10 November 1975, pp. 1-4; Marvin Litvin,
The Journey (Galesburg, Ill.: Galesburg Historical
Society, 1981), pp. 369-430; "Trail Blazers of the
Mississippi West," American Jewish Archives 8
(October 1956): 92-93.
18. "Trail Blazers of
the Trans-Mississippi West," P. 93.
19.
Ibid.
20. Adler, Roots in
a Moving Stream, p. 49.
21. Ibid.; Elias
Eppstein, Kansas City diary, 1880-83, holograph in
American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
22.
Ibid.
23. American
Israelite, 2 April 1883.
24. Ibid., 28
July 1882.
25.
Ibid.
26. "A Colony in
Kansas," p. 119. All material of pages 41-51 of Sod
Jerusalems can be documented from "A Colony in Kansas," pp.
119-34.
27. American
Israelite, 1 September 1882.
28.
Ibid.
29.
Ibid.
30. "A Colony in
Kansas--1882," pp. 133-34.
CHAPTER
V
1. American
Israelite, 20 July 1883.
2. Ibid., 1
September 1882.
3. Ibid., 23
July 1883; "A Colony in Kansas--1882," p. 136.
4. Ibid., 1
September 1882.
5. Ibid., 28
July 1882.
6. Larned Optic,
11 August 1882.
7 Larned Chronoscope,
25 December 1882.
8 American
Israelite, 20 October 1882.
9.
Ibid.
10.
Ibid.
11.
Ibid.
12. A. J. Myers, "Long
Time Resident of Lane County Writes of Early History of
Ravanna," Dighton Herald 18 Feburary 1953; Eppstein,
Kansas City diary.
13. American
Israelite, 19 January 1883.
14. Manners, Poor
Cousins, p. 177.
15. American
Israelite, 25 December 1882.
16.
Ibid.
17. American
Israelite, 19 January 1883.
18. Ibid., 1
September 1882.
19. Myers, "Long Time
Resident of Lane County Writes of Early History of
Ravanna."
20. Ibid.;
American Israelite, 29 December 1882; Rudin,
"Beersheba, Kan.: 'God's Pure Air on Government Land," p.
292.
21. Myers, "Long Time
Resident of Lane County Writes of Early History of
Ravanna."
22. American
Israelite, 15 June 1883.
23. Myers, "Long Time
Resident of Lane County Writes of Early History of
Ravanna."
24. American
Israelite, 19 January 1883.
25. Ibid., 9
February 1883.
26. Ibid., 2
March 1883.
27. Ibid., 13
April 1883.
28. Ibid., 25
May 1883.
29. Ibid., 20
July 1883; "A Colony in Kansas--1882," p. 134.
30. "A Colony in
Kansas--1882," p. 135. All material of pages 63-66 of Sod
Jerusalems can be documented from "A Colony in
Kansas--1882," pp. 135-38.
31. Richard Singer,
"The American Jew in Agriculture: Past History and Present
Condition," (unpublished prize essay, Hebrew Union College,
1941), pp. 467-68.
32. Rudin, "Beersheba,
Kan.: 'God's Pure Air on Government Land,'" p. 296; Manners,
Poor Cousins, p. 177; Sapinsley, "Jewish Agricultural
Colonies in the West: The Kansas Example," p.
167.
33. American
Israelite, 6 June 1884.
34.
Ibid.
35.
Ibid.
36. Hamelitz,
St. Petersburg, Russia, 14 March 1884.
37. Jewish
Gazette, 26 February 1885.
38. Cowland
Chieftain (Cowland, Ks.), 14 August 1885.
39. The New West
(Cimarron, Ks.), 8 August 1885.
40. Jewish Free
Press (St. Louis, Mo.), January, 1886.
41. Feld, "New Light on
the Lost Jewish Colony of Beersheba, Kansas, 1882-1886," pp.
167-68.
CHAPTER
VI
1. Garfield County
Call (Eminence, Ks.), 23 September 1887.
2. Land records, Finney
County Courthouse, Garden City, Kansas.
3. Nelson Antrim
Crawford, "The County That Never Was," ' Kansas Magazine
(1944):l; Robert W. Baughman, Kansas Post Offices (Topeka,
Ks.: Kansas Postal History Society, 1961), pp.
248-56.
4. Baughman, Kansas
Post Offices, pp. 81, 181.
5. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," p. 2.
6. Cowland
Chieftain, 30 April 1885.
7. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," p. 2.
8. Ravanna
Chieftain (Ravanna, Ks.), 22 April 1886.
9. Ibid., 29
April 1886.
10. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," pp. 2-7.
11. Garfield County
Call, 2 September 1887.
12. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," p. 5.
13. Ravanna
Chieftain, 22 April 1886.
14. Ibid., 29
April 1886.
15.
Ibid.
16. Ibid., 24
June 1886.
17. Ibid., 7
October 1886.
18. Ibid., 21
October 1886.
19. Ibid., 28
October 1886.
20.
Ibid.
21. Garfield County
Call, 23 September 1887.
22.
Ibid.
23. Land records,
Finney County Courthouse, Garden City, Kansas.
24. Ravanna
Chieftain, 29 April 1886.
25.
Ibid.
26. Ibid., 4
November 1886.
27. Ibid., 6
January 1887.
28. Ibid., 17
August 1887.
29. Garfield County
Call, 19 August 1887.
30. Ibid., 16
September 1887.
31. Ravanna
Chieftain, 27 January 1888.
32. Ibid., 2
February 1888.
33. Ibid., 18
April 1888.
34. Ibid., 20
March 1888.
35. Garfield County
Call, 17 August 1888; 29 March 1889.
36. Ravanna
Chieftain, 4 November 1886; 7 April 1887.
37. Garfield County
Call, 1 June 1888.
38. Myers, "Long Time
Resident of Lane County Writes of Early History of
Ravanna."
39. L. David Harris,
"Lest We Forget Beersheba," The Wichitan 4 (February
1981):48, 63.
40. Garfield County
Call, 27 July 1888.
41. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," pp. 6-7.
42.
Ibid.
43.
Ibid.
44. Interview with Mrs.
Payne Ratner, Wichita, Kansas, 4 November 1984; William
Frank Zornow, Kansas, A History of the Jayhawk State
(Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1957), pp.
258-62.
45. Joseph Schultz,
ed., Mid-America's Promise: A Profile of Kansas City
Jewry (Kansas City, Mo.: Jewish Conununity Foundation of
Greater Kansas City, 1982), p. 155; Adler, Roots in a
Moving Stream, pp. 49-50.
46. The New
West, 7 March 1885.
47. Garden City
Daily Herald (Garden City, Ks.), 20 September
1887.
48. Katherine K.
Powell, ed., "The Teitelbaum Family in Garden City,"
research paper, 28 July 1983, available from the Finney
County Historical Society, Garden City, Kansas.
49. Kansas City
Times, 4 June 1929; Finney County Historical Society,
History of Finney County, Kansas, vol. 1 (Garden
City, Ks.: Finney County Historical Society, 1950), p. 187;
Kris Rumberg, "Old Tope," New West, 5 June
1982.
50. Garden City
News (Garden City, Ks.), 29 June 1933.
51.
Ibid.
52.
Ibid.
53.
Ibid.
54. Crawford, "The
County That Never Was," p. 7.
CHAPTER
VII
1. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
2. Ibid., 31
July 1885.
3. Jewish
Messenger, 14 November 1884.
4. Angie Eubank Eads,
"The Story of Mt. Nebo School District No. 25," undated,
research paper, available from Mrs. Eads, Pratt,
Kansas.
5. Jewish
Messenger, 14 November 1884.
6. American
Hebrew, 31 July 1885.
7. Pratt County
Press (Pratt, Ks.), 27 August 1885.
8. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
9. Pratt County Census
Records, 1885, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka,
Kansas.
10. Land records, Pratt
County Courthouse, Pratt, Kansas.
11. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
12. Pratt County
Press,9 April 1885.
13. Ibid., 27
August 1885.
CHAPTER
VIII
1. Gabriel Davidson and
Edward A. Goodwin, "The Jewish Covered Wagon," Jewish
Criterion 29 January 1932; Gabriel Davidson and Edward A.
Goodwin, Our Jewish Farmers (New York: L. B. Fischer, 1943),
p. 223.
2. American
Israelite,11 January 1884.
3. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
4. Louis Greenberg, The
Jews in Russia: The Struggle for Emancipation (New York:
Schocken Books, Inc., 1976), p. 166; Herscher, Jewish
Agricultural Utopias in America, 1880-1910, p.
24.
5. Greenberg, The Jews
in Russia: The Struggle for Emancipation, p. 166.
6. Herscher, Jewish
Agricultural Utopias in America, 1880-1910, pp.
53-55.
7. Davidson and
Goodwin, "The Jewish Covered Wagon;" Davidson and Goodwin,
Our Jewish Farmers, pp. 221-25.
8. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
9.
Ibid.
10. Davidson and
Goodwin, "The Jewish Covered Wagon;" Davidson and Goodwin,
Our Jewish Farmers, pp. 221-25.
11. Ibid.;
Our Jewish Farmers, p. 223.
12. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
13. Letter from David
Robinson, Portland, Oregon, to Dr. Jacob R. Marcus,
director, American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio, 19
June 1956.
14. Brownstein, "A
Letter to My Grandchildren," p. 6.
15. American
Hebrew, 31 July 1885.
16.
Ibid.
17. Shpall, "Jewish
Agricultural Colonies in the United States," pp.
140-41.
18. Brownstein, "A
Letter to My Grandchildren," p. 6.
19.
Ibid.
20. American
Hebrew, 31 July 1885.
21. Ryansville Boomer
(Ryansville, Ks.), 28 May 1886. 3
22. Ibid., 2
July 1886.
23. Ford City Boomer
(Ford City, Ks.), 29 October 1886.
24. Ibid., 8
October 1886.
25. Dodge City Globe
(Dodge City, Ks.), 5 November 1886.
26. Land records, Ford
County Courthouse, Dodge City, Kansas, and Clark County
Courthouse, Ashland, Kansas.
CHAPTER
IX
1. Kiowa Herald
(Kiowa, Ks.), 10 December 1885.
2. Barber County
Index (Medicine Lodge, Ks.), 28 March 1884.
3.
Ibid.
4. Land records, Barber
County Courthouse, Medicine Lodge, Kansas.
5. Barber County
History Committee, Chosen Land, A History of Barber
County, Kansas (Medicine Lodge, Ks.: Barber County
History Committee, 1980), p. 42; Letter to the author from
Mrs. Wesley Cline, Lake City (Barber County), Kansas, 28
June 1983.
6. American
Hebrew, 8 April 1887.
7.
Ibid.
8. Medicine Lodge
Cresset (Medicine Lodge, Ks.), 5 November 1885.
9. Barber County Index,
24 April 1885; Nellie Snyder Yost, Medicine Lodge: The
Story of Kansas Frontier Town (Chicago: The Swallow
Press, Inc., 1970), pp. 106-16; Barber County History
Committee, Chosen Land, pp. 34-35.
10. Barber County
Index, 24 April 1885.
11. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 5 November 1885.
12. Ibid., 12
November 1885.
13. Ibid., 26
November 1885.
14. Ibid., 3
December 1885.
15. Ibid., 10
December 1885.
16.
Ibid.
17. American
Hebrew, 31 July 1885.
18. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 31 December 1885.
19. Kiowa
Herald, 10 December 1885.
20. Ibid., 14
January 1886.
21.
Ibid.
22.
Ibid.
23. Ibid., 4
February 1886.
24. Ibid., 11
February 1886.
25. Ibid., 25
February 1886.
26.
Ibid.
27. Ibid., 24
December 1885.
28. Ibid., 7
January 1886.
29. Ibid., 11
January 1886.
30. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 31 December 1885.
31. American
Hebrew, 31 July 1885.
32. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 29 July 1886.
33. Interview with
Robert Shklar, Kiowa, Kansas, 29 June 1984.
34.
Ibid.
35. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 8 July 1886.
36. Kiowa
Herald, 24 June 1886.
37. Bill O'Neal, Henry
Brown, The Outlaw Marshal (College Station, Texas;
Creative Publishing Co., 1980), pp. 128, 132-33.
38. Letter from Dr.
Marc R. Lampl, Kansas City, Missouri, to Richard Lampl,
Washington, D. C., 16 July 1981; Mrs. Samuel Marcus, "Date
of Arrival--Old Jewish Families of Wichita, 1869-1920,"
unpublished paper, researched for the Institute of Cultures
Exhibit, Wichita, Kansas, 1 February 1970; Interview with
Richard Lampl, Washington, D.C., 20 April 1982; Interview
with Dr. Marc Lampl, 21 April 1982.
39. Letter from Dr.
Marc R. Lampl to Richard Lampl, 16 July 1981; Interview with
Dr. Marc Lampl, 21 April 1982.
40. Jewish
Chronicle (Kansas City, Ks.), 26 February 1982;
Interview with Mrs. Sarah Peltzman, Kansas City, Missouri, 8
June 1984.
41.
Ibid.
42. Barber County
History Committee, Chosen Land, p. 42; Letter from
Dan Lake, Lake City, Kansas, to Robert Goldstein, Museum of
American Jewish History, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 10
March 1977.
43. Barber County
Index, 11 January 1888.
44. Barber County
History Committee, Chosen Land, p. 42; Letter from
Dan Lake, 10 March 1977; Land records, Barber County
Courthouse, Medicine Lodge, Kansas.
45. Interview with Mrs.
Sarah Peltzman, 8 June 1984.
46. Interview with Mrs.
Edith Goldschmidt, Wichita, Kansas, 27 April
1983.
47. Letter from Mrs.
Wesley Cline, Lake City, Kansas, to author, 28 June
1983.
48. Letter from Lillian
Goldansky Goodman to family members, undated, in possession
of Mrs. Harry (Reva) Kauffman, Kansas City, Missouri;
Interview with Mrs. Harry (Reva) Kauffman, Kansas City,
Missouri, 24 June 1984.
49. Interview with Mrs.
Harry Kaufman, 24 June 1984.
50. Schultz, ed.,
Mid-America's Promise: A Profile of Kansas City
Jewry, pp. 32-33.
51. Marcus, "Date of
Arrival--Old Jewish Families of Wichita, 1869-1920"; Wichita
Eagle Beacon, 28 June 1960.
52. Aetna
Clarion (Aetna, Ks.), 11 March 1886.
53. Comanche County
Historical Society, History of Comanche County
(Coldwater, Ks.: Comanche County Historical Society, 1981),
pp. 48-51.
54. Ibid., pp.
26-27.
55. Land records,
Comanche County Courthouse, Coldwater, Kansas.
56. Evansville
Herald (Evansville, Ks.), 5 March 1886.
57. Aetna
Clarion, 11 March 1886.
58. Ibid., 24
June 1886.
59 Evansville Herald, 6
August 1886.
60. Ibid., 28
January 1887.
61. Comanche County
Historical Society, History of Comanche County, p.
27.
62. W. V. Jackson, "The
'Last Roundup' of the Once Famous Comanche Pool," Kiowa
News Review, Kiowa, Kansas, 8 April 1935.
63.
Ibid.
CHAPTER
X
1. American
Hebrew, 4 June 1886.
2. Kearny Coyote
(Hartland, Ks.), 24December 1887; 7 January 1888; Kearny
County Advocate (Lakin, Ks.), 21 January
1888.
3. American
Hebrew, 4 June 1886.
4. Ibid.;
Pioneer Democrat (Lakin Ks.), 24 July 1886; Kearny
County Advocate,3 April 1886.
5. American
Hebrew, 4 June 1886.
6. Ruth Samuels,
Pathways Through Jewish History (New York: KATV
Publishing House, Inc., 1977), pp. 310-313.
7. Land records, Finney
County Courthouse, Garden City, Kansas.
8. American
Hebrew, 4 June 1886.
9. Ibid.;
Pioneer Democrat, 24 July 1886; Kearny County
Advocate, 3 April 1886.
10. Kearny County
Historical Society, History of Kearny County (Lakin,
Ks.: Kearny County Historical Society, 1979), P.
196.
11. Pioneer
Democrat, 1 May 1886.
12. Kearny County
Advocate, 31 July 1886.
13. Ibid., 3
April 1886.
14. Pioneer
Democrat, 20 November 1886.
15. Ibid., 26
February 1887.
16. Ibid., 2
April 1887.
17. Kearny County
Advocate, 3 April 1887.
18. Ibid.,
4 June 1887.
19. Pioneer
Democrat, 23 July 1887.
20. Kearny County
Advocate,6 August 1887.
21.
Ibid.
22. Kearny County
Historical Society, History of Kearny County, p.
101.
23. Pioneer
Democrat, 13 November 1886.
24. Kearny County
Coyote (Chantilly, Ks.), 14 May 1887.
25. Ibid., 28
May 1887.
26. Pioneer
Democrat, 2 July 1887.
27. Kearny County
Coyote, 2 May 1888.
28. Ibid.,16 May
1888.
29. Garden City
Daily Telegram (Garden City, Ks.), 8 May
1947.
30. Joy Cumonow, Fred
N. Reiner and Kay S. Hymnowitz, eds. The Spirit
Unconsumed: A History of Lhe Topeka Jewish Community
(Topeka, Ks.: Temple Beth Sholom, 1979), p. 25.
31. Kearny County
Advocate, 21 May 1887.
32.
Ibid.
CHAPTER
XI
1. American
Israelite, 18 November 1881.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Ibid.
4. Sholom
Aleichem, The World of Sholom Aleichem (New York:
Harper and Row Co., Inc., 1943), pp. 26-27.
5. Kiowa Herald,
10 December 1885.
6. Irving Howe,
World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East European
Jews to America and the Life They Found and Made (New
York: Simon and Schuster, 1976) p. 10.
7. Medicine Lodge
Cresset, 10 December 1885.
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